對러 금융제재 관련 문의사항

Q1. 한국 정부의 對러 금융제재 동참 현황?

 

정부는 

➀총 11개 기관 및 자회사*에 대한 거래 중단을 결정하였고, 

* Sberbank, VEB, PSB, VTB, Otkritie, Sovcom, Novikom, Bank Rossiya 및 관련 자회사, 러시아 중앙은행, 러시아 국부펀드 NWF(National Wealth Fund of the Russian Federation) 및 RDIF(Russian Direct Investment Fund)

 

➁러시아 국고채 투자는 3.2일부터 중단을 권고**하였으며, 

** 3.2일 이후 신규 발행되는 모든 러시아 국고채에 대한 발행·유통 시장 거래 중단

 

➂SWIFT 배제는 EU 발표에 따라 7개 은행***에 대해 3.12일(벨기에 브뤼셀 시간 기준, 한국 기준 3.13일 08:00 am)부터 적용될 예정임.

*** EU가 발표한 SWIFT 배제 대상 은행 : Rossiya, VEB, PSB, VTB, Otkritie, Sovcom, Novikom

 

 

Q2. SWIFT 배제 대상·시기·효과는? 

 

□ EU는 3.2일 7개 러시아 은행* 및 자회사에 대해 SWIFT배제(exclude key Russian banks from SWIFT system)발표

* Rossiya, VEB, PSB, VTB, Otkritie, Sovcom, Novikom

       ↳ Official Journal of the European Union L63(3.2일)에서 확인 가능
(https://eur- lex.europa.eu/legal- content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:L:2022:063:FULL&from=EN)

 

SWIFT 배제 조치는 10일 간의 유예 기간(take effect within 10 days)을 둔 뒤, 3.12일*부터 적용될 예정

* 벨기에 브뤼셀 시간 기준(GMT+1) → 한국시간(GMT+9) 기준 3.13일 08:00 am

 

□ SWIFT 배제 즉시 해당 은행은 국제결제 차단

 

한국 정부 거래 중단 대상

발표일	제재 대상	자회사 리스트 등 제재 상세내용 (미 정부 제재와 동일)
3.1일	Sberbank 및 25개 관련 자회사	https://home.treasury.gov/news/press- releases/jy0608 https://home.treasury.gov/news/press- releases/jy0602  https://home.treasury.gov/news/press- releases/jy0612
	VEB 및 25개 관련 자회사
	PSB 및 17개 관련 자회사
	VTB 및 20개 관련 자회사
	Otkritie 12개 관련 자회사
	Sovcom 및 22개 관련 자회사
	Novikom
3.7일	러시아 중앙은행
	러시아 국부펀드(NWF)*
	러시아 국부펀드(RDIF)*
	Rossiya bank

* NWF(National Wealth Fund of the Russian Federation), RDIF(Russian Direct Investment Fund)

※ 자회사 리스트에 등재되지 않더라도 제재 대상이 50% 이상 지분을 소유한 경우 제재 대상이 될 수 있음

 

금융거래 중단 대상 및 적용 시기

제재 대상*(한국정부의 발표일)	제재 적용 시기
VEB(3.1일)	美동부표준시 3.24일 12:01 a.m.부터 제재 적용
Sberbank, VTB, Otkritie, Sovcom(3.1일)	美동부표준시 3.26일 12:01 a.m.부터 제재 적용
PSB, Novikom(3.1일)	유예기간 없음
러시아 중앙은행 및 국부펀드(NWF, RDIF), Rossiya(3.7일)	유예기간 없음

 

 

Q3. 美 일반허가에 따라 예외적으로 거래가 허용되는 경우는?

 

□ 美 정부는 美측의 제재 대상자와의 거래는 원칙적으로 금지하나, 예외적으로 일반허가(General License)*를 발급하여 일부 거래 허용

* 일반허가에 적시된 내용은 별도의 특별허가(Specific License) 없이 허용

 

상세한 내용은 아래 QA 또는 美 일반허가를 참고

* 美 일반허가 상세내용 확인처 : 美 재무부 해외자산통제국(OFAC)
https://home.treasury.gov/policy- issues/financial- sanctions/recent- actions

 

□ 제재 대상이 아닌 은행과의 거래는 일반허가 여부와 무관하게 가능

 

Q3-1. 에너지 관련 거래, 美 일반허가 내용은?

 

□ 美 일반허가 8A에 따르면, 6개 은행 및 자회사*와의 에너지 관련 거래는 6.24일 12:01 am(美 동부 표준시)까지 제한적**으로 허용

* Sberbank·VEB·VTB·Otkritie·Sovcom 및 관련 자회사, 러시아 중앙은행

** 관련 거래가 美 금융기관과 Sberbank의 환거래, 美 금융기관내 러시아 중앙은행 자산, 러시아 국고채, 제재 대상인 러시아 개인 등과 관련되지 않아야 함

 

□ “에너지 관련 거래”에는 석유(Petroleum), 원유(Crude oil), 천연가스(Natural gas), 석탄(Coal) 등을 포함하는 것으로 언급

 

상세한 거래 허용 범위·기간 등은 반드시 美 일반허가 8A를 직접 참고

* 美 일반허가 8A 원문 (General License NO.8A) : 
https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/126/russia_gl8a_1.pdf

 

Q3-2. 농산물 관련 거래, 美 일반허가 내용은?

 

□ 美 일반허가 6에 따르면, 농산물 관련 거래는 美 금융기관과 Sberbank와의 환거래와 관련이 없다면 허용

* 에너지 관련 거래와 달리 은행 및 기간의 제한은 별도로 없음

□ “농산물 관련 거래”에는 일반적 농산물(any agricultural commodity) 뿐 아니라 생선(live fish) 등도 포함되는 것으로 제시

 

□ 3.12일(브뤼셀 시간 기준) 이후 SWIFT에서 배제되는 은행과의 농산물 등 거래는 이와 별개로 불가능

 

 

Q4. 美 정부의 제재 위반 시 금융기관에 적용되는 불이익은?

 

□ 미국 내 관련법* 및 OFAC의 FAQ** 등에 따르면, 美 정부가 지정한 제재 대상자(SDN***)와의 중요한(Significant) 거래임을 알면서 촉진(knowingly facilitate) 하거나 제재를 위반·우회한 제3국 기관에 美 금융시스템 접근 금지 등 2차 제재(secondary sanction)가 부과

 

< 美 우크라이나 자유지원법(Ukraine Freedom Support Act; UFSA) >

SEC. 5. SANCTIONS ON RUSSIAN AND OTHER FOREIGN FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS.
(b) FACILITATION OF FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS ON BEHALF OF SPECIALLY DESIGNATED NATIONALS.—The President may impose the sanction described in subsection (c) with respect to a foreign financial institution if the President determines that the foreign financial institution has, on or after the date that is 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, knowingly facilitated a significant financial transaction on behalf of any Russian person included on the list of specially designated nationals and blocked persons maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the Treasury, pursuant to—
(1) this Act;
(2) Executive Order No. 13660 (79 Fed. Reg. 13,493), 13661
(79 Fed. Reg. 15,535), or 13662 (79 Fed. Reg. 16,169); or
(3) any other Executive order addressing the crisis in Ukraine.
(c) SANCTION DESCRIBED.—The sanction described in this subsection is, with respect to a foreign financial institution, a prohibition on the opening, and a prohibition or the imposition of strict conditions on the maintaining, in the United States of a correspondent account or a payable- through account by the foreign
financial institution.

< 美 재무부 OFAC FAQ 980번 >

980. Do non- U.S. persons risk being sanctioned for engaging in activity with persons sanctioned pursuant to Executive Order (E.O.) 14024? 

Answer
OFAC evaluates a range of factors when developing sanctions targets, consistent with foreign policy and national security goals. In the context of blocking sanctions, non- U.S. persons may be exposed to sanctions risk in relation to activities with persons subject to blocking sanctions pursuant to E.O. 14024.  Under E.O. 14024, non- U.S. persons may be designated if they have materially assisted, sponsored, or provided financial, material, or technological support for, or goods or services to or in support of, certain activities, a person whose property and interests in property are blocked pursuant to E.O. 14024, or (in certain circumstances) a blocked government. Please see sections 1(a)(vi) and 1(b) of E.O. 14024. Non- U.S. persons generally do not risk exposure to U.S. blocking sanctions under E.O. 14024 for engaging in transactions with persons subject to the prohibitions of the directives under E.O. 14024.  Moreover, non- U.S. persons generally do not risk exposure to U.S. blocking sanctions under E.O. 14024 for engaging in transactions with blocked persons, where those transactions would not require a specific license if engaged in by a U.S. person.  Note, however, that E.O. 14024 and the directives under E.O. 14024 prohibit any transaction that evades or avoids, has the purpose of evading or avoiding, causes a violation of, or attempts to violate any of the prohibitions of those directives, as well as any conspiracy formed to violate any of the prohibitions of those directives.  OFAC will not view as “evading or avoiding” efforts by non- U.S. persons to comply with U.S. sanctions by replacing sanctioned suppliers or service providers (including financial institutions) with non- sanctioned persons.

Date Released
February 24, 2022

 

Q. 러시아와 교역중인 기업으로 매출 감소 등 경영애로를 겪고 있는데, 신규자금 대출 혹은 만기 연장 등이 가능한지?

 

□ (신규자금) 우크라이나 사태 등으로 피해를 입거나 입을 것으로 예상되는 국내 기업*에 대해 국책은행(산은, 기은, 수은 등)을 통해 신규 운영자금 특별대출 2조원을 공급중(3.4일~)

 

[ 긴급 금융지원프로그램 지원대상]
➊  (분쟁지역 진출 기업) 현지법인(지점) 설립, 공장설립 등을 통해 우크라이나 및 러시아(이하 “분쟁지역”)에 진출한 국내기업 

➋ (수출·판매기업) 최근 1년간(`21.1.1일~ 현재) 분쟁지역에 수출‧납품실적을 보유한 기업 또는 향후 수출‧납품이 예정된 기업으로 거래증빙서류 제출 기업(대금결제 애로기업 등도 포함)

➌  (수입·구매기업) `21.1.1일 이후 분쟁지역으로부터 수입 또는 구매실적을 보유한 기업 또는 향후 수입‧구매가 예정된 기업으로 거래증빙서류 제출 기업(대금결제 애로기업 등도 포함)

➍  (기타 피해기업) ①‧②‧➂번 기업과 연관된 협력‧납품업체, 가치사슬 전후방에 위치한 기업 등을 폭넓게 포함*

* 중개무역 영위기업, 국내 러시아 수출입 기업과 납품‧거래관계가 있는 기업 포함 

 

□ (기존자금) 정책금융기관* 대출·보증은 1년간 전액 만기연장하고, 시중은행 대출 자율연장

<기관별 피해기업 상담센터>

구분	기관명	연락처
금융지원 프로그램 상담‧안내	산업은행	02- 787- 5611
	기업은행	02- 729- 7494
	수출입은행	02- 6252- 3416
	신용보증기금

 

Q. 정부가 벨라루스 수출통제도 시행을 하였는데, 벨라루스 수출기업도 금융지원 대상이 되는지? 

 

□ 벨라루스 수출통제 조치에 따라, 피해가 예상되는 기업도 긴급 금융지원 대상에 포함시킬 예정임(3.10일부터 시행)

 

□ 최근 1년간 벨라루스 수출‧납품실적을 보유한 기업 또는 수출‧납품이 예정되었던 기업, 이들 기업의 협력업체 등도 신규자금 및 만기연장 지원